cocaine

Cocaine Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cocaine addiction—stimulant use disorder—can set in quickly and impact all areas of someone’s life. Occasional use can easily spiral into compulsive drug-taking behavior, provoking aggravating physical and mental health complications. 

All addictions are chronic and progressive conditions, which means that they usually worsen without professional intervention. Fortunately, cocaine addiction is also highly treatable. This page outlines how addiction to cocaine develops, how it looks, and what to do if you need help recalibrating your life from stimulant abuse.

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WHAT IS COCAINE?

Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the CNS (central nervous system) made from coca plant leaves found in South America. A Schedule II controlled drug, cocaine is illegal in most cases but has limited medical uses—it’s sometimes used for anesthesia during surgeries. 

People use cocaine in different ways. Powdered cocaine can be snorted, rubbed on the gums, or dissolved and injected. Crack cocaine, a more potent version, is typically smoked in glass pipes.

Regardless of the method of administration, cocaine rapidly increases dopamine levels in the brain, triggering an intense but fleeting euphoria. This surge in dopamine makes the drug fiercely addictive, as the brain craves the pleasurable high. Repeated cocaine use changes brain chemistry, making it challenging for someone to feel good without the drug.

Signs of Cocaine Use

Cocaine’s effects are almost immediate, manifesting within minutes of use. The signs can vary based on how much is used, the person’s tolerance to the drug, and whether it’s mixed with other substances. 

Physical signs may include: 

  • Dilated pupils
  • Increased body temperature
  • Elevated blood pressure and heart rate
  • Runny nose
  • Frequent sniffing (if snorted)
  • Burn marks on lips and fingers (if smoked)
  • Track marks and bruises (if injected) 

Behavioral and emotional signs may include: 

  • Restlessness
  • High energy levels
  • Talking quickly
  • Increased confidence
  • Risk-taking behaviors
  • Irritability
  • Mood swings
  • Paranoia
  • Appetite loss
  • Insomnia
  • Anxiety
  • Panic attacks

When Does Cocaine Use Become an Addiction?

While not everyone who uses cocaine develops stimulant use disorder, repeated use raises the risk of dependence and addiction. Addiction is marked by an inability to discontinue use despite adverse outcomes. The brain rewires itself over time, complicating recovery. 

Some of the main red flags for cocaine addiction include: 

  • Using more cocaine than intended or using the drug more frequently
  • Failing to cut back despite wanting to quit
  • Spending excessive time and money obtaining and using the drug
  • Ignoring responsibilities at work, school, or home
  • Losing interest in hobbies and relationships
  • Using cocaine in risky situations, like driving
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance 

If several of these symptoms emerge, it’s worth seeking professional assistance.

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cocaine

PARAPHERNALIA

Cocaine is most often snorted. Rolled up bills, powder residue, and razor blades are all signs of cocaine use.

an image of dirty dishes representing crack addiction unmanageabilty

UNMANAGEABILITY

Addiction robs users of their ability to manage simple daily tasks. Poor hygiene is a common warning sign.

an image of someone with a crack addiction dealing with sleep issues

SLEEP

Because cocaine is a stimulant, users rarely sleep when high. These binges are often followed by long periods of sleep.

an image of dirty dishes representing crack addiction unmanageabilty

MOOD

Cocaine use creates periods of euphoria that are followed by depressive “crashes.” Mood swings are red flags for addiction.

What are the Dangers of Long-Term Cocaine Use?

Cocaine affects mood and energy, and it also takes a heavy toll on the body and mind. Chronic cocaine use can prompt lasting health problems, some of which might be irreversible. 

Health risks of prolonged cocaine use include: 

  • Brain changes: Long-term use can bring about memory problems, poor decision-making, and an increased risk of mental health disorders.
  • Lung and breathing issues: Smoking crack cocaine can damage the lungs, causing chronic cough, shortness of breath, and respiratory infections.
  • Gastrointestinal damage: Cocaine can reduce blood flow to the intestines, leading to ulcers, stomach pain, and severe digestive issues.
  • Weakened immune system: Long-term use can make it harder for the body to fight infections.
  • Increased risk of overdose: Cocaine’s effects are short-lived, leading many people to use the drug repeatedly. This increases the likelihood of an overdose, especially when the drug is mixed with alcohol or opioids.

Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms

Once the body becomes dependent on cocaine, stopping can cause withdrawal symptoms to present. Unlike withdrawal from opioids or alcohol, cocaine withdrawal is mainly psychological, although some physical discomfort may still occur. 

Common cocaine withdrawal symptoms include: 

  • Fatigue
  • Sleepiness
  • Intense cravings for cocaine
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Increased appetite
  • Agitation
  • Irritability
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Vivid nightmares 

These symptoms can last days or weeks, depending on how long and how often someone uses the drug. Cravings can feel overpowering and unmanageable, making relapse commonplace without clinical oversight and emotional support.

Treatment Options for Cocaine Addiction

Cocaine addiction is tough to overcome alone, but treatment can help. There are no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction, but behavioral therapies, motivational therapies, and support groups have been proven effective. 

The primary types of cocaine addiction treatment are: 

  • Inpatient rehab: The most structured form of cocaine addiction treatment takes place in a residential setting. People live at the facility for 30 to 90 days, receiving immersive and continuous care. Also known as residential rehab, inpatient care is best for individuals with severe addictions or co-occurring mental health conditions.
  • Outpatient treatment: Outpatient treatment is available at varying levels of intensity. It’s more flexible and affordable, enabling people to live at home while attending therapy sessions during the days or evenings around their existing commitments.
  • CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy): CBT helps people identify and change the thoughts and behaviors driving cocaine use.
  • CM (contingency management): CM is a reward-based system that encourages ongoing abstinence by offering incentives for staying drug-free.
  • Support groups: 12-step programs like NA (Narcotics Anonymous) or CA (Cocaine Anonymous) provide community support from others in recovery. 

The most effective cocaine addiction treatment is highly personalized, blending therapies, lifestyle changes, and ongoing support.

Finding Help for Cocaine Addiction

If you or a loved one need help getting back on track from cocaine abuse, reach out to Tree House Recovery. 

We offer various outpatient and intensive outpatient programs at our premier beachside rehab center, enabling you to continue at home, work, or school while getting compassionate and effective cocaine addiction treatment. 

All cocaine addictions are unique, so all Tree House treatment plans are personalized to reflect this. While there are no medications approved to treat cocaine withdrawal and addiction, talk therapies and motivational therapies are proven to deliver positive outcomes. 

Start your recovery immediately by calling admissions at (855) 202-2138.

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