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Alcohol Addiction: What’s Involved and How to Get Help

Alcohol addiction, described clinically as alcohol use disorder, is a chronic and relapsing condition that makes it almost impossible for someone to control their drinking, even when it provokes severe adverse outcomes. Data from SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) show that rates of alcohol addiction have slightly declined over the past year. That said, 28.8 million U.S. adults were addicted to alcohol in 2023. 

Unlike moderate social drinking, alcohol addiction involves an unmanageable compulsion to drink, loss of control over consumption, and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Alcohol use disorder presents on a continuum, ranging from mild to severe, and it typically worsens without professional intervention. That said, it’s treatable with the proper evidence-based therapies. Read on to learn more about alcohol addiction and how to kickstart your recovery.

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How Alcohol Addiction Develops in the Brain

Alcohol affects the brain’s reward system, triggering relaxation and euphoria. The brain adapts over time, making a person crave alcohol more while needing increasing amounts to deliver the same effects—this is known as tolerance. 

Long-term misuse of alcohol brings about physical and chemical changes in the brain. These changes make it tricky for someone to make rational decisions about drinking, pushing them into a cycle of dependence and addiction. Even when they are aware of the harm caused by alcohol, they may feel powerless to stop.

Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Addiction

Alcohol addiction affects people differently, but certain warning signs often point to a problem developing. If drinking is disrupting daily life, relationships, or health, it might be time to seek a professional evaluation.

Common signs of alcohol addiction

Some classic red flags for alcohol addiction include:

Changes in drinking patterns 

  • Drinking more often or in larger amounts than before
  • Struggling to limit alcohol intake, even when trying to cut back
  • Choosing alcohol over previously enjoyable activities 

Shifts in priorities and responsibilities 

  • Skipping work, school, or family events to drink alcohol
  • Neglecting household duties, self-care, or personal hygiene
  • Making excuses for drinking or hiding alcohol use 

Emotional and social changes 

  • Becoming defensive or secretive about drinking habits
  • Pulling away from friends and loved ones
  • Feeling anxious, irritable, or restless when unable to drink 

Risky or impulsive behavior 

  • Drinking in dangerous situations
  • Taking financial or legal risks under the influence of alcohol
  • Engaging in aggressive actions or risky sexual behaviors when drinking

 If you notice a cluster of these signs in yourself or a loved one, timely intervention can make treatment smoother and easier.

DSM-5-TR Symptoms of Alcohol Addiction

Alcohol use disorder is diagnosed according to the following symptoms outlined in DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth revised edition): 

  • Drinking more alcohol than intended or drinking for longer than planned.
  • Trying and failing to moderate or discontinue use.
  • Spending lots of time drinking, recovering from hangovers, or thinking about alcohol.
  • Failing to meet personal and professional obligations due to alcohol abuse.
  • Experiencing intense cravings for alcohol.
  • Ongoing alcohol abuse despite drinking causing problems in all areas of life.
  • Losing interest in activities and hobbies due in favor of drinking.
  • Continuing to drink alcohol even though it’s causing physical or mental harm.
  • Consuming alcohol in dangerous situations like when driving.
  • Developing tolerance so more alcohol is required to get the same effect.
  • Encountering withdrawal symptoms upon quitting. 

Alcohol addiction is diagnosed according to the number of symptoms present as mild (2 or 3), moderate (4 or 5), or severe (6 or more).

What Are the Health Risks of Long-Term Alcohol Abuse?

Alcohol addiction is associated with a host of physical and mental health complications. 

Liver damage

Excessive alcohol use can provoke fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The liver struggles to process alcohol, leading to inflammation and scarring over time. 

Heart problems

Heavy drinking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications like high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, stroke, and cardiomyopathy. 

Mental health disorders

Alcohol addiction routinely co-occurs with mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Drinking may numb emotional pain temporarily, but it worsens mental health long-term and does nothing to address the underlying issues. 

Weakened immune system

Chronic alcohol abuse compromises the immune system, rendering the body more vulnerable to infections, chronic illnesses, and pneumonia. 

Increased cancer risk

Alcohol is a known carcinogen. It’s linked to cancers of the liver, mouth, throat, breast, and esophagus. 

Accidents and risky behaviors

Alcohol impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction times, raising the risk of car accidents, falls, and injuries. Alcohol abuse may also lead to reckless decision-making, including unsafe sex and aggressive or violent behaviors.

Who Is at Risk of Alcohol Addiction?

Alcohol addiction can affect anyone, but certain factors affect the risk, such as: 

  • Genetics and family history: People with a family history of addiction are more likely to develop alcohol use disorder. Studies show genetics contribute to more than half of someone’s risk profile for addiction.
  • Early exposure to alcohol: Drinking at a young age, especially before 15, increases the likelihood of developing alcohol addiction later in life.
  • Mental health conditions: Depression, anxiety, PTSD, and ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) raise the risk of alcohol abuse. Many people drink to self-medicate their symptoms, which can swiftly lead to dependence.
  • High-stress environments: Work stress, financial duress, trauma, and social pressures can make someone more likely to turn to alcohol as a coping mechanism.
  • Social and cultural influences: Heavy drinking is normalized in certain cultures, making it harder to pinpoint unhealthy patterns of consumption.

Treatment Options for Alcohol Addiction

The good news is that alcohol addiction is treatable, and many people achieve sustained recovery with the proper support. 

Medical detox

For those with severe dependence, detox under medical supervision helps manage withdrawal symptoms safely. This is especially important for those at risk of DTs (delirium tremens), seizures, or severe dehydration. 

Inpatient or outpatient rehab

People with severe alcohol addictions or co-occurring mental health conditions may need residential treatment (inpatient rehab) to help them address the physical and psychological aspects of alcohol addiction. Those with milder addictions may find that outpatient treatment provides sufficient structure and support while enabling them to continue with their everyday obligations. 

Behavioral therapies

Therapies like CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), DBT (dialectical behavior therapy), and MI (motivational interviewing) help people change their behaviors and find healthier ways to cope. 

MAT (medication-assisted treatment)

FDA-approved medications like naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram can reduce cravings and help prevent relapse. MAT is most effective when combined with counseling and behavioral therapy. 

Support groups

Programs like AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) and SMART Recovery provide community, accountability, and encouragement for those dealing with alcohol addictions.

How to Support Someone Addicted to Alcohol

Watching a loved one fight alcohol addiction can be painful, but it’s possible to help them move from active addiction to ongoing abstinence. Keep these tips in mind:

  • Educate yourself by learning as much as possible about alcohol addiction.
  • Avoid judgment. Addiction is neither a choice nor a moral failing. It’s a chronic medical condition, and there is plenty of help available.
  • Encourage the person to pursue treatment. Offer to help them find resources or attend appointments.
  • Set boundaries to protect your well-being while offering support and avoiding enabling behaviors.
  • Be patient—recovery takes time and may not always be linear.

Begin Your Recovery from Alcohol Addiction at a Premier Rehab in California

If you need help for yourself or a loved one addicted to alcohol, reach out to Tree House Recovery right away. Like all progressive conditions, treatment for alcohol use disorder is more complicated the longer it remains unchecked. 

When you choose an outpatient or intensive outpatient program at our beachside facility, you can access a personalized combination of evidence-based therapies and holistic interventions, as well as an aftercare component that encourages ongoing abstinence. 

For compassionate and effective alcohol addiction treatment that’s covered by health insurance, call (855) 202-2138 and kickstart your recovery right away.

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